Study Guide Exam 5 PSY Chpts 11 -13

 

 

____1.A program with the greatest likelihood of success in reducing health risks associated with smoking by young people would use

a.	aversive conditioning to stop smoking.
b.	attitude-change programs to stop smoking.
c.	advertising campaigns to encourage smokers to switch to smokeless tobacco.
d.	role-playing to resist peer pressure.

 

 

____2.Regarding STDs and safer sex, choice, risk, and responsibility, which of the following statements is FALSE?

a.	In general, most adults favor greater freedom of choice for themselves.
b.	When it comes to sex, greater choice is accompanied by greater risk.
c.	Today younger people are exploring their sexual identities in an era of more casual sex.
d.	Most sexually active people overestimate their risk of contracting chlamydia and gonorrhea.

 

 

____3.The physical response to both pleasant and unpleasant stress, consisting of bodily changes related to autonomic nervous system arousal, is termed

a.	a stress reaction.
b.	burnout.
c.	emotional exuberance.
d.	emotional exhaustion.

 

 

____4.Regarding stress and stress reactions, which of the following statements is FALSE?

a.	A stress reaction begins with the same autonomic nervous system arousal that occurs during emotion.
b.	Stress reactions are produced by both pleasant and unpleasant events.
c.	Stress can be a major behavioral risk factor if it is prolonged or severe.
d.	Activities that provoke eustress are usually threatening and highly unpleasant.

 

 

____5.The symptoms that occur during stressful travel, high-altitude sickness, final exams week, and (possibly) of falling in love are similar to the symptoms of which stage of the general adaptation syndrome?

a.	alarm reaction
b.	stage of resistance
c.	defensive reaction
d.	stage of avoidance

 

 

____6.Which of the following is a response to frustration that involves either physically leaving the source of one’s frustration, such as quitting a job, or psychologically withdrawing through feigned apathy or the use of drugs?

a.	escape
b.	displaced aggression
c.	scapegoating
d.	circumvention

 

 

____7.Often when a newborn baby is brought home from the hospital, the preschool sibling will begin to exhibit behaviors, such as sucking his or her thumb or wetting the bed. These reactions illustrate which defense mechanism?

a.	compensation
b.	repression
c.	reaction formation
d.	regression

 

 

____8.Regarding the Type A personality, which of the following statements is FALSE?

a.	The best way to avoid the self-made stress of a Type A personality is to adopt the opposite characteristics.
b.	While Type A behavior appears to promote heart disease, time urgency and overwork may be what actually triggers the heart attack.
c.	Because our society places a premium on achievement, competition, and mastery, it is not surprising that many people develop Type A personalities.
d.	The most damaging patterns of Type A personalities may occur in hostile persons who keep their anger “bottled up,” but don’t express it outwardly.

 

 

____9.Which of the following is NOT one of the core features of a hardy personality?

a.	seeing life as a series of challenges
b.	having a sense of commitment to self, work and family
c.	feeling that one has control over one’s life and work
d.	effective use of defense mechanisms

 

 

____10.Which of the following tend to be hardy individuals, who see setbacks as challenges, are strengthened by losses, and find humor in disappointments? 

a.	naïve people
b.	immature people
c.	happy people
d.	arrogant people

 

 

____11.Which of the following is the use of behavioral strategies to reduce stress and improve coping skills?

a.	psychodynamics
b.	stress management
c.	transcendental meditation
d.	behavioral coping

 

 

____12.Each evening before going to bed, Rachel tightens all the muscles in her feet, then voluntarily relaxes them. Then she tightens all the muscles in her legs, then voluntarily relaxes them. She does this all the way to her head. Rachel is practicing the technique of

a.	stress inoculation.
b.	progressive relaxation.
c.	guided imagery.
d.	meditation.

 

 

____13.Which of the following techniques was popularized by Meichenbaum and involves a person fighting fear and anxiety by monitoring negative self-statements and replacing them with coping statements?

a.	stress inoculation
b.	the G.A.S. technique
c.	guided imagery
d.	refusal skills training

 

 

____14.Herbert’s scores are just barely outside of the normal range on a test of his emotions. Thus, which limitation of a statistical definition of abnormality must the examiner confront?

a.	whether Herbert is feeling any subjective discomfort
b.	where to draw the line between normality and abnormality
c.	how to replicate this deviation a second time for validity
d.	deciding whether Herbert’s behavior meets nonconformity standards

 

 

____15.When a person’s sexual identity does not match his or her physical gender, the diagnosis is

a.	paraphilia.
b.	sexual dysfunction.
c.	gender identity disorder.
d.	psychological androgyny.

 

 

____16.Exhibitionism, fetishism, and voyeurism are considered

a.	sexual dysfunctions.
b.	paraphilias.
c.	gender-identity disorders.
d.	somatoform disorders.

 

 

____17.Which of the following is an example of “going amok”?

a.	A Native American, possessed by spirits, begins wailing and throwing himself at a wall.
b.	In Ukraine, a woman in a religious trance races into the streets screaming obscenities.
c.	In Japan, a man suddenly develops a fear that his penis will withdraw into his body.
d.	In the Philippines, a brooding man suddenly goes on a murderous rampage.

 

 

____18.Which of the following is an example of koro?

a.	A Honduran has a history of mumbling to himself and describing vivid hallucinations.
b.	A Laotian is plagued by fear and trembling after the death of a parent.
c.	A woman in a remote Chinese village has an illness that she blames on spirit possession.
d.	In South and East Asia, a man suddenly develops a fear that his penis will withdraw into his body.

 

 

____19.Tanya was born with Down syndrome and has an intellectual disability. According to the textbook, Tanya is experiencing which two risk factors for a mental disorder?

a.	social and family
b.	biological/organic and psychological
c.	educational and social
d.	physical and family

 

 

____20.While reading this chapter, a student notices what seems to be abnormal tendencies in his own behavior. This

a.	indicates that the student needs to guard against falling prey to the “medical student’s disease.”
b.	illustrates that pathological behavior is an exaggeration of normal defenses and reactions.
c.	does not mean that the person’s behavior is necessarily abnormal.
d.	indicates all of these.

 

 

____21.Mary’s mother was in a car accident and suffered damage to her brain, which caused her to have impaired thinking, memory loss, and personality changes. Mary’s mother has a(n) __________ disorder.

a.	organic mental
b.	personality
c.	neurotic
d.	somatoform

 

 

____22.According to your textbook, the most common cause of dementia is

a.	repeated strokes.
b.	the interaction of medications.
c.	Alzheimer’s disease.
d.	the general shrinkage and atrophy of the brain.

 

 

____23.Ron has many deeply held false beliefs. For instance, he believes he is the most famous psychologist in the world. He also believes that sexy, intelligent, and beautiful women are vying for his attention and affection; when, in fact, they find him a nuisance. He often gets extremely jealous if these women speak or look at other men. It seems that Ron is most likely suffering from 

a.	a dysthymic disorder.
b.	catatonic schizophrenia.
c.	a delusional disorder.
d.	a dissociative identity disorder.

 

 

____24.Regarding delusional disorders, which of the following statements is FALSE?

a.	Compared to other types of psychoses, delusional disorders are rare.
b.	Jealous type delusions are the most common type of delusional disorder.
c.	People with delusional disorders usually do not suffer from hallucinations, emotional excesses, or personality disintegration.
d.	Some celebrity stalkers suffer from erotomanic type delusions.

 

 

____25.The most common form of psychosis is

a.	paranoid psychosis.
b.	schizophrenia.
c.	bipolar disorder.
d.	multiple personalities.

 

 

____26.Which major type of schizophrenia has become rare in Europe and North America?

a.	disorganized schizophrenia
b.	catatonic schizophrenia
c.	paranoid schizophrenia
d.	undifferentiated schizophrenia

 

 

____27.Because patients may shift from one pattern to another at different times, these patients are simply classified as suffering from __________ schizophrenia.

a.	generalized
b.	atypical
c.	disorganized
d.	undifferentiated

 

 

____28.In view of current research, which of the following is the best summary statement concerning the cause of schizophrenia?

a.	Inherited potential and environmental stress combine to bring about disruptive changes in brain chemistry.
b.	Schizophrenics are really adapting to an impossible environment created by double-bind communication.
c.	A by-product of adrenaline called adrenochrome accumulates in the schizophrenic’s brain.
d.	Extremely traumatic experiences early in childhood cause the first split in personality to form two different integrated identities in the person with schizophrenia.

 

 

____29.For at least the last two years, Sara has been experiencing mild depression which alternates with periods of her being cheerful and expansive, but also irritable. These changes in her mood appear to be reactions to external events, and she has never experienced a psychotic episode. Sara would most likely be diagnosed with a __________ disorder.

a.	major depressive
b.	bipolar
c.	cyclothymic
d.	dysthymic

 

 

____30.Marian is very depressed. Her therapist tells her that her anger has been displaced and turned inward as self-blame and self-hate. Marian’s therapist has explained Marian’s depression, according to the __________ theory.

a.	behavioral
b.	psychoanalytic
c.	existential
d.	cognitive

 

 

____31.Jasmine has been very depressed. Her therapist utilizes aspects of mastery training to help her to overcome her learned helplessness. Jasmine’s therapist is most likely a __________ therapist.

a.	psychoanalytic
b.	behavioral
c.	cognitive
d.	humanistic

 

 

____32.After living in New Orleans for ten years, Rebecca’s company transferred her to Maine. Since moving to Maine, she is bothered by depression that repeatedly occurs with the onset of autumn and continues through the winter months. When spring arrives, she begins feeling normal again. Rebecca’s symptoms suggest that she is experiencing a __________ disorder.

a.	bipolar
b.	dysthymic
c.	cyclothymic
d.	seasonal affective

 

 

____33.Aaron’s home was destroyed in a tornado a week ago. Right after the tornado, Aaron had difficulty sleeping and had frequent nightmares about tornadoes when he did go to sleep. He also experienced difficulty concentrating at work and became visibly nervous whenever he saw the wind blowing harder than a breeze. Three weeks after the tornado, Aaron appears to be settling down and is sleeping better and able to function at work like before the tornado. Aaron suffered from a(n) __________ disorder.